Tempuyung

Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)  is a perennial plant that grows strongly and solitary at an altitude of 50-1.650 m above sea level.

It features a large straight root, a cylindrical stem exuding saps, oval or lancet-shaped leaves with a very bitter taste, yellow flowers, and fruit that are hard, thin, and of a yellowish brown color.  The stem and leaves are the parts that are used in medicinal treatment.  Empirically, tempuyung had proved capable of controlling urinary bladder irregularities, gallstone, high blood pressure, kidney stone, ulcers, appendix, dysentery, and hemorrhoids.

Studies conducted found that tempuyung contains alpha-lactocerol, mannitol, inocytol, silica, kalium, flavonoid, taraxasterol.

Purwoceng

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan), a rare herbal plant.  It grows in West, Central and East Java at altitudes of 1.800-3.000 m above sea level.  It features compound leaves, with the stalks on the ground, the upper side green, the underside white.

In medicinal treatment, the parts used are the roots, leaves and flowers.  Empirically, it is effective as a tonic and as a medicine for renal disorders.

Studies conducted found that purwoceng contains alkaloids, polyphenol and flavonoids.

Sambung Nyawa

Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens Back)

is also called ngokilo in some regions, or by its foreign name she juan jo or fujung jao.  The parts that is used in medicinal treatment are the leaves  In some areas, it is served as a dish of raw vegetables.  Empiricaly, sambung nyawa proved capable of controlling high blood pressure  Studies conducted found that the plant contains alkaloids, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and antineoplastic substances.

Jati Belanda

Jati Belanda (Gauzuma ulmifolia Lamk.)  is a shady tree, 10-20 m tall, grows in places at an altitude of 800 m above sea level.  Has cylindrical   to lancet shaped leaves 22 cm long; clusters of tiny fragrant flowers, and fruits that are black when ripe.

The parts used in medicinal treatment are the leaves, fruit and tree bark.  Empirically, jati belanda can be used as a means for slimming down, as a medicine for whooping cough, abdominal pain,  swelling of the stomach, respiratory disorders,  expedite sweating, filariasis.

Studies conducted found that jati belanda contains resin acid, samak, bitter substances, glycose and fatty oils.